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Vestas wins order to repossess plant

August 4, 2009

Judge backs wind turbine firm as Isle of Wight protests spread to second factory in row over green jobs

The owners of a wind turbine factory on the Isle of Wight won a repossession order today in their attempt to end an occupation of the plant by workers protesting at planned job losses.

A judge at Newport county court granted the order after environmental activists staged a protest at a second wind turbine factory on the island as part of a campaign to save hundreds of jobs in the green energy sector.

A barrister for the original group of 11 protesting workers told the court the order had not been properly served, but the judge, Graham White, granted it.

A notice of eviction will now be sent informing the workers of when bailiffs will arrive. Typically a few days notice is given.

Peter Kruse, a spokesman for Vestas, suggested the eviction would not take place today. “We are in no hurry,” he said. “We are as patient as we have been all the way. We will remain patient optimists hoping for a peaceful solution in the interests of all the parties, particularly including the people inside.”

After the court hearing, a group of about 200 supporters marched to the plant on the St Cross industrial estate where they were greeted with cheers from the occupying workers on the balcony. Gathered outside the building they chanted: “We fight on.”

One of the workers inside spoke to the assembled crowd, calling for national days of action on Saturday and Wednesday when other workers in the country should down tools or hold a rally to support them.

“We want the protest to continue,” he said. “But we want it to remain peaceful. This place has a future and we shall not give up on that.”

Bob Crow, general secretary of the RMT union, who was in court for today’s hearing, said the union would continue with its campaign to save the jobs. “The court has made its decision, but we will continue with our campaign and the right to work on green energy jobs,” he said.

Crow attacked both Vestas and the government, saying ministers had been “despicable” in failing even to meet the workers or the union to discuss the possibility of other work going to the factory.

The campaigners at the second protest occupied the roof of the Vestas Wind Systems factory in Cowes, vowing to stay there until the sacked Newport group were reinstated.

Three activists could be seen on the roof of the Cowes building, which faces the waterfront. A fourth protester appeared to be abseiling from the roof to attach a banner that read: “Vestas Workers – Solidarity in Occupation. Save Green Jobs.” He waved to ferry passengers in the harbour, who whistled back from the boat.

Speaking before the verdict, the Newport workers said their morale had been boosted by the sit-in at Cowes. Ian Terry, one of the 11, said: “It is good to know that others are willing to stand up and fight for green jobs.”

The Cowes factory was occupied at 4am by a Climate Camp group and a member of the RMT union. The protest was timed to coincide with Cowes week, the annual sailing regatta. The activists issued a statement saying tens of thousands of people were visiting the island for an event celebrating the natural power of wind.

“At the same time,” they said, “workers at Vestas are struggling to keep Britain’s only wind turbine blade manufacturer open. Factories in Cowes, Newport and Southampton are being closed with the loss of over 600 jobs, as well as many more in support industries.”

The group criticised Vestas for leaving employees “high and dry” and accused the company of paying “peanuts” in redundancy settlements and leaving workers with little hope of finding other jobs on the island.

One of the group said: “We are staying here until everyone is reinstated and the closure decision is reversed.”

Yesterday, climate change activists were arrested after gluing themselves together outside the headquarters of the Department of Energy and Climate Change in London in support of the sit-in workers. The protesters, who held up banners saying “Take back the wind power”, blockaded the main entrance to the building for several hours before they were detained.

The Trades Union Congress general secretary, Brendan Barber, urged Vestas to rethink its closure decision. He said: “Ed Miliband [the climate change secretary] has proved himself to be a champion of the green agenda and the drive to create new jobs. Now we are asking him to go the extra mile for the 600 workers and the production facility – the only one of its size in Britain – which is vital to building our low-carbon future. Everything must be done to look for positive alternatives.”

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Ofgem plans ‘smart grid cities’

August 4, 2009

Regulator cites plans to provide infrastructure for renewable micro-generation

Britain will create up to four “smart grid cities” after the energy regulator set aside £500m from customers’ utility bills to start rewiring the nation’s electricity system.

Ofgem wants companies to choose several towns or cities where it will pay for households to have smart energy technologies installed to monitor how it works on a large scale.

The idea is to start an overhaul of the ageing electricity grid, which is centralised and depends on large fossil fuel powered plants, and make it more localised using more renewable forms of generation.

Mini “smart grids” will be built that will be able to handle more unpredictable large volumes of power from intermittent wind farms. The grids will also make it easier for households that have their own micro-generation – such as solar panels on their roofs – to supply electricity back to the grid. Smart meters will be fitted in homes, which are better able to manage demand unpredictable supply peaks from renewable forms of generation, such as wind and solar power.

Steve Smith, Ofgem’s managing director of markets, told the Guardian that the model would be the US town of Boulder, Colorado, dubbed the world’s first “smart grid city”.

Companies could combine with other government schemes, such as those trialling electric cars, he said. Electric cars are helping to drive the roll-out of smart grids as they are generally charged at night. This means electric car batteries act as storage for otherwise unused renewable generation because wind farms continue to generate at night, when most other forms of demand is low.

Philip Wolfe, director general of the Renewable Energy Association, welcomed the £500m scheme. “This is encouraging news. The electricity network has been designed for a centralised energy approach for a few large scale power stations dotted around the country feeding out towards users somewhere down the line in a dumb grid.

“It will be a substantial task to rewire it. With the new feed-in tariffs coming in next year, it will dynamite the market for microgeneration. But it’s important to have the infrastructure for it.”

The £500m funding for the UK scheme will be spread over five years. Power companies also welcomed the cash.

Ofgem announced the plan as part of its five year review of distribution charges that electricity suppliers must pay to use the network. Ofgem said annual bills would go up by £4 each to pay for the £6.5bn in total it says companies need to invest.

Ofgem now has a remit to protect consumers, no longer just by keeping bills down, but also by cutting carbon emissions.

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Whole Foods £36m in the red

August 4, 2009

The organic superstore Whole Foods has insisted it will not give up on the UK market, despite the division trebling its losses last year.

Whole Foods’ troubleshooter Jeff Turnas, who was parachuted in to take charge of the group’s five UK stores last month, insists he will win British consumers round. “I think it’s pretty well documented what has happened to the economy in recent times … but we have a good core of customers who shop with us regularly and we continue to look for sites for new stores.”

Whole Foods’ flagship UK store, in the former Barkers department store building in Kensington, west London, opened its doors in June 2007. The group also runs a handful of Whole Foods convenience stores, formerly trading as Fresh & Wild in affluent districts of London.

As well as battling against the economic tide, Whole Foods’ UK operations have been beset with teething problems. A store in Bristol was heavily loss-making and has since been shut down. Meanwhile the Kensington emporium, billed as Britain’s first green supermarket, has been criticised for a lack of customer parking and operating a costly fish counter, out-sized and underused.

The group made an operating loss for the year to 30 September 2008 of £36m, widening from a £9.9m shortfall for the previous 12 months. Turnas insisted underlying performance showed losses remained broadly flat, but the group had been forced to take a further accounting charge of £27.1m to reflect revised expectations for the business.

Parent group Whole Foods Market Inc has already been forced to write off almost £50m relating to their efforts to establish a foothold in the UK.

Turnas said: “We understand the difficulties of starting out in a new country. We had a similar experience in Canada where we struggled initially. We don’t see it as any different in the UK.” New stores will be opened in upmarket areas, Turnas said, but not outside Greater London.

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Is the Big Green Gathering another victim of the crackdown on dissent?

August 4, 2009

Organisers of the long-running festival have reason to believe that an excuse was contrived to bankrupt them

Is it paranoia, or are they really out to get us? Most of the time it’s paranoia. Every week I’m approached by people whispering about vapour trails from planes being used to control our minds, free energy devices suppressed by oil companies or missile attacks on the twin towers. Sometimes, as we saw at the G20 protests on 1 April or at climate camp last year, they are out to get us. The policing of these events shows that some of the UK’s public authorities really do regard political activism as a threat that must be contained or eliminated.

So what do you make of this story? Right now the last stragglers should have been packing up their tents at the end of the Big Green Gathering. It’s a festival in Somerset that attracts about 20,000 people to listen to music, plan protests and raise money for green causes. It has been running since 1994 and there has never been any significant trouble.

But this year the gathering didn’t happen. On Friday 24 July, five days before the festival was due to open, the district council applied to the high court for an injunction against it. If they failed to abide by the injunction, the directors of the Big Green Gathering could have their assets seized and be fined or sent to prison.

The council’s witness statement contained an impossible bind. It maintained that “the requisite consents cannot at this late stage be granted”, then went on to explain that the order “contains a proviso which will permit this event to run” – as long as the gathering obtains the requisite consents. No one could blame the organisers for accepting defeat, handing back their licence and cancelling the festival. The Big Green Gathering will now go bankrupt. It’s unlikely ever to happen again. Cock-up or conspiracy?

As any old hippy will tell you, festivals aren’t what they used to be. Gone are the days when you could announce a happening, call up a few mates with drums and guitars, and put the word out that something groovy and free was about to kick off. In these buttoned-down times, it would be treated like an al-Qaida training camp. Today, you must apply for a licence and spend months of your life filling in forms and liaising with the various responsible authorities. There are good reasons for this: it ensures that no one is crushed to death and that local people aren’t harried by intolerable noise and disruption. There are also bad reasons: the controlling, snooping, curtain-twitching state tendencies which insist that all spontaneity be planned six months in advance, that no one can ever take her top off or smoke homegrown weed or get a little bit outrageous – even within a festival site – for fear of offending some tight-arsed busybody in desperate need of a life.

The organisers applied for their licence in February, and spent the intervening months trying to meet the conditions. These included 450 security guards, a steel perimeter fence and watchtowers, and free wristbands for 12 undercover police officers, who could move through the crowds ensuring that no one was enjoying themselves too much. The site would have more of the ambience of a prison camp than a hippy festival, but at least it would conform to regulations.

The gathering submitted a 100-page management plan. On 30 June the various authorities (police, fire, environmental heath, county council and the rest) said they were satisfied with the arrangements. The district council gave the festival a licence. But in July the security company suddenly demanded that the gathering pay the whole fee up front. The festival refused and hired another company, which would take some of the money after the event.

So there was a cock-up. But it doesn’t wholly explain what happened next. On 23 July, the organisers were suddenly confronted with a list of demands that they believed they had already met. The Devon and Somerset fire brigade demanded to know that the company hired by the festival, Midland Fire Services, had “an acceptable level of competency”. As Midland Fire Services has been employed by the gathering for several years without complaint, and as it does the same job for the Royal Tattoo, Womad, the Reading and Leeds festivals and other public events, the organisers couldn’t understand why, at the 11th hour, its competence was suddenly being challenged. The fire brigade hasn’t been able to answer my questions.

But the real sticking point was the road closure order. To keep its licence, the festival would need an order from Somerset county council to shut the local roads to any traffic except the gathering’s. The organisers thought it was a formality: there had never been a problem before. Out of the blue on Friday 24 July, the county council told the gathering that its maps were incomplete, and that its signs did not conform to regulations and some of them “are located within North Somerset and therefore we cannot approve their use”.

The organisers responded that the maps and signs are the same ones they had used in previous years, since when the regulations haven’t changed, and that the county council claims jurisdiction over the whole of Somerset, including the north. It approved the same signs in the same places in 2006 and 2007. But – or so it seemed – the county council would not budge. The application the district council sent to the courts insisted no road closure order had been granted. Strangely, however, the only authority that did not submit a witness statement was Somerset county council.

So the organisers surrendered the licence, cancelled the festival, and set about the sorry task of clearing the site. But as they were doing so, an odd thing happened. They found two notices, one on a fence post, another in a hedge. I have photos of them. They are issued by Somerset county council and dated 20 July 2009. They announce the closure of the roads leading to the festival.

So was a road closure order issued or not? Somerset county council sent me a response but didn’t answer my question about whether or not an order had been granted. The county council, the district council, and Avon and Somerset police insist they have done everything to facilitate the gathering, but that the organisers hadn’t got their act together.

The organisers allege a deliberate attempt to bankrupt the Big Green Gathering: they say that the authorities left their new objections until the last minute. This meant that they carried on spending right up to the eve of the festival, and that by then it was too late to get legal advice and mount a challenge. They point out that if the road closure order had, in reality, been issued, the main sticking point was a fake one: the authorities had manufactured an excuse to close them down.

Are they being paranoid? I don’t know. But it looks pretty odd to me.

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Scottish climate activists to target coal industry

August 3, 2009

Protesters accuse Salmond’s Scottish National party government of hypocrisy for supporting new open-cast mines and coal-fired power station

Climate activists who today occupied a new open-cast coal mine in south-west Scotland are planning to target power stations, energy companies and mines across the country, in protest against the energy policies of the first minister, Alex Salmond.

The protesters accuse Salmond’s Scottish National party government – which claims Scotland has the world’s toughest climate change policies – of hypocrisy for supporting new open-cast mines and a new coal-fired power station planned for Hunterston in Ayrshire.

Several hundred protesters are expected to converge on a “climate camp” at Mainshill near the village of Douglas in South Lanarkshire, an area already dominated by large open-cast mines, despite a court order prohibiting their occupation.

Activists at the Mainshill solidarity camp – which was officially opened today – have erected more than a dozen “tree houses” and platforms, dug tunnels and built teepees in a large conifer forest, which is due to be cleared for the new mine.

Environment activists have been protesting at the site since it was approved in June and have already had confrontations with police and the landowner, the Earl of Home, son of the Conservative prime minister Alec Douglas-Home.

But today there was no sign of any police or security guards. Instead, the protesters were building compost toilets, showers, temporary offices and barricades, and preparing for the police to attempt an eviction.

Activists have also identified Longannet power station, further mines, Scottish Coal and Scottish Power’s headquarters and coal terminals on the Clyde and Firth of Forth for future protests.

Scottish Coal, now the UK’s largest open-cast coal mine operator, was given permission to extract 1.7m tonnes of coal at Mainshill over the next three and a half years. About 700 villagers in nearby Douglas and Glespin objected to the proposal, but their complaints were rejected by South Lanarkshire council.

Scottish Coal already operates three other mines in the immediate area, and has recently won permission to extend many of them.

At Glentaggart, the company is allowed to mine 200,000 tonnes a year: the site has one of the Europe’s longest conveyor belts. At 6.5km long, Scottish Coal says it reduced lorry traffic by 30,000 journeys a year.

At a site known as Poniel/Long Plantation, it can mine 570,000 tonnes ,

and 4m tonnes from Broken Cross open-cast mine, several miles to the north-east.

The protesters say these mines undermine the Scottish government’s targets to cut CO2 emissions by 42% by 2020 – a legally binding target that ministers claim is the strictest of any industrialised nation.

Scotland already has 32% of its domestic electricity needs met by wind power, and claims it will surpass 50% by 2020. Ministers have also matched the UK government’s goal of cutting emissions by 80% by 2050.

However, Salmond, Scotland’s first minister, also supports plans for a new coal-fired power station near to Hunterston nuclear power station and has supported reopening Longannet coal mine in Fife.

He insists that carbon capture and storage – where CO2 emissions from power stations are pumped under the North Sea – will absorb the extra greenhouse gas emissions. He has described coal as “a fuel of the future.”

A Scottish government spokesman said: “We are working to develop clean coal and carbon capture technology and, alongside a massive increase in renewables, coal still has a place as part of a balanced energy policy for Scotland.”

Rob Banks, a spokesman for Mainshill climate camp, said carbon capture is still an unproven, experimental technology and could take up to a decade to be installed in power stations. It could also be used to help extract North Sea oil and gas – negating its use in reducing CO2 emissions from power stations.

“We don’t have any faith at all that that 42% climate change target will be maintained,” he said. “Road expansion is continuing unabated, they’re extending various airports and expanding open-cast mines. That doesn’t indicate they’re taking this seriously.”

Many locals supported the protesters, said Harry Thompson, who chairs Douglas community council, and wanted the open-cast mines to be dramatically scaled back. Salmond’s stance on open-cast mining “makes a complete mockery” of his climate policies and Scottish planning law.

“We realise the coal is there and we realise they’re going to take it, but we want it done one at a time, in a manner that would be safer and healthier for the community,” he said.

A Scottish Coal spokesman said coal was a significant resource, and essential for the UK’s energy supplies. The firm also supported carbon capture and storage. “Scottish Coal remains committed to maximising the use of indigenous coal, to support Scottish jobs and the Scottish economy, and reduce the need to import coal from foreign sources, which carried greater environmental costs,” he said.

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Golden eagle tagged in conservation plan found poisoned to death

July 31, 2009

Alma, a golden eagle tracked on conservationist website, vanished in early July and was found poisoned to death today

Police raided a Highland grouse moor today after a golden eagle that had been satellite-tagged as part of a government-funded project was found poisoned with illegal pesticides.

The grouse moor, keepers’ cottages and vehicles on the Millden estate near Brechin in Angus were searched under warrant after Tayside police and wildlife crime investigators raided the property early this morning. There were no arrests, and no one from the estate was available for comment.

The estate is run by Nick Baikie, a grouse moor manager who was previously employed by Mark Osborne, an Oxfordshire-based chartered surveyor. Grouse moors run by Osborne in Scotland and England have previously been raided by police investigating alleged wildlife crime offences.

The bird, known to conservationists as Alma, was a young female golden eagle whose daily movements had been tracked on the website of one of Scotland’s leading conservationists, Roy Dennis, as it flew over the Cairngorms.

The daily records on Dennis’s website ended on 2 July, the second anniversary of its tagging in 2007 on the Glenfeshie estate in the Highlands, as part of a long-term study into their behaviour and breeding.

Alma had flown up to 130 miles from her eyrie in the Cairngorms national park, reaching as far north as Loch Maree in Wester Ross. She was found dead in deep heather, with her adult plumage beginning to appear from under her moulting juvenile feathers, Dennis said.

“We’re just terribly, terribly disappointed,” he said. “It’s just tragic because, as the months went by this bird became more and more interesting. Hundreds of people had been following her, and she is nationally known. It just beggars belief that she has been poisoned.

“It’s difficult enough to be an eagle anyway, but to have this extra burden is just appalling. I’m in favour of hunting but it has to be done ecologically and ethically, and this is totally unacceptable.”

Superintendent Ewen West, of Tayside police, said: ”The golden eagle was part of a project being undertaken by Scottish National Heritage. The bird was being continuously tracked and when her movements came to an abrupt stop at the beginning of July suspicions were raised that she had died. Sadly, she had been illegally poisoned.”

Golden eagles may be deliberately targeted by gamekeepers who want to stop any birds of prey eating grouse or pheasant, but the species normally fall prey to poisoned baits which are laid out on sporting estates to kill other birds of prey, including hen harriers, white-tailed eagles and buzzards.

Roseanna Cunningham, the Scottish environment minister, said: “I am truly appalled that yet another golden eagle has been illegally killed in Scotland – the second this summer. Illegal poisoning is simply inexcusable and while the perpetrators are certainly beneath contempt they are in no way above the law.

“Poisoning of course poses serious animal welfare risks, but these offences also damage Scotland’s tourism industry our economy and can even tarnish the reputations of those working in our countryside within the law.

“The fact this eagle was tagged and the Scottish public were actively engaged in its progress, only makes this case all the more galling. The loss of this magnificent animal is a real blow to Scotland, particularly as we are renowned world-wide for our incredible wildlife.”

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Supporters of Vestas workers break into factory to deliver food

July 31, 2009

Supporters of workers occupying the Vestas wind turbine factory on the Isle of Wight today broke into the premises to deliver food, accusing the company of trying to starve the men into submission.

The Danish-owned company said it would officially close the Newport factory, the only major producer of wind turbine blades in the UK, tomorrow. However, about 10 workers at the plant remain in a first-floor office space which they have occupied for 11 days in protest at the closure of the factory, which they say will result in about 625 job losses.

Vestas failed in a legal attempt to obtain a possession order from a local court to evict the workers on Wednesday, when a judge ruled it had failed to properly serve papers on the men. He adjourned the hearing until Tuesday.

The National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT) has raised concerns over the welfare of the men, who have no access to showers or hot water.

The union is seeking legal advice on the obligations the company has to feed the workers, who are receiving a modest breakfast at 9am and a small meal – such as slice of pizza – at night. Occasionally, they have been given drinks.

“It cannot be right that the company are allowed to try and starve the workers at Vestas into submission,” said the RMT general secretary, Bob Crow. “This looks to us like a gross infringement of their human rights.”

One of the workers left the occupation yesterday, and was told by ambulance staff that his blood sugar levels were dangerously low. Luke Paxton, 20, said a police officer guided him to a waiting ambulance after he emerged from the plant looking “pale and shaky”. He said he was advised to go to hospital after a blood test showed his sugar levels were lower than normal.

Vestas activists from the island, who are campaigning alongside environmental protesters at a campsite outside the factory gates, stormed through a security cordon yesterday to deliver food. Steve Milligan, from the Climate Camp protest group, said those outside had become “really frustrated and angry” at the lack of food and decided to enter by force.

A number were restrained by security, he said, but others managed to throw supplies in, including a kettle, rice, tins of tuna and pasta.

Until now, workers inside the factory have relied on additional supplies stuffed into tennis balls and thrown to them from a distance, meaning supplies have been limited to rolled up bags of instant soup, sweets and pound coins for use in a vending machine.

The tennis ball technique – also used to smuggle drugs into prisons – was used by the Guardian to get a USB memory stick into the factory. The workers uploaded video footage they shot of their occupation, giving an insight into their living conditions, and threw the ball back.

The footage, shot on Wednesday, shows the men lounging around on office desks and listening to music on the radio. They react jubilantly when they hear the news from court that enabled an extension of their occupation until next week.

One worker can be overheard saying: “Six days isn’t it – something like that? We need to speak to Ian Woodland and they need to start getting us food in properly. They’ve said they can do it, so we need to get it done now. And maybe the RMT can start getting the food in and putting on the pressure.”

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England to clear coast of barbed wire, blocked paths and irate landowners

July 30, 2009

Maps detail 2,748 miles of coastal paths as Natural England prepares to open up shoreline to walkers

The obstacle course of barbed wire, live ammunition and beetling cliffs facing England’s planned coastal path is revealed in detail for the first time today.

Maps drawn up for the marine and coastal access bill, which is expected to become law in November, trace a vivid red and green snake round the 2,748 miles of mainland coast. Each of the red sections is either private, inaccessible or dangerous.

The audit by Natural England and shoreline councils is part of an effort to make all of England’s coastline accessible to walkers. “There will be 10 years’ work to be done before we can walk the whole way,” said Paul Johnson, coastal access manager for Natural England, “but we reckon that the first rights of way between major seaside towns could be in place by 2013.”

The notion of a complete coastal ring goes back to at least the 18th century, although its supporters then were often landowners rather than ramblers seeking a right to roam. They came up with the nearest thing to the access bill’s proposals: the “coastguard’s path” which allowed customs officers to pounce on smugglers.

The prospect of extra visitors to coastal areas has won over all of the 53 councils involved in the mapping exercise, as well as most fishing and other coastal businesses. Natural England said that the South West Coast path, which takes an average of 56 days to complete, generates an estimated £300m annually.

The Natural England study found that 66% of the coast, excluding Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland which are working on their own access, can be walked safely. Much the best figure is 76% in the south-west where a 630-mile national trail, the longest in Britain, follows the coast between Minehead and Poole harbour.

But even this still faces diversions 31 years after the last section was opened, including four military training areas. Johnson said that the bill’s provisions would speed up and improve ways round such obstacles, which can take up to four years via current public inquiries. The new process will also keep unavoidable diversions as close as possible to the sea.

Access in other areas is much worse. Nowhere from Berwick-upon-Tweed to the Solway Firth currently offers more than two miles of walking without a barrier or diversion inland. And the Cleveland Way in Yorkshire, is 40 years old but still diverts walkers because of legal problems with landowners, on to a busy A-road along one stretch.

“The challenge is to move ahead from the stop-start effect which shows in the maps we publish today,” said Poul Christensen, acting chair of Natural England. The group’s chief executive Dr Helen Phillips said: “The fact that the public lacks full access to nearly 1,000 miles of coastline is a sobering reminder of how much is at stake in the bill.”

The lop-sided ratio in the north-west, where 56% of the coast is closed, reflects industrial use on Merseyside and the Cumbrian coast from Barrow-in-Furness’s shipyards to nuclear and chemical works as far as Workington. The figures are better on the North Sea coast but Natural England estimates that 13% of existing routes there will be lost to erosion in the next two decades.

“The value of the new law will be allowing the coastal path to retreat naturally, in line with erosion,” said Malcolm Hodgson, national trail officer for the Cleveland Way. The law will end controversial “make-do” arrangements such as a stretch between Robin Hood’s Bay and Boggle Hole in North Yorkshire, where walkers trudge a straight line between two barbed-wire fences across a field used for grazing stock.

The arrangement followed failure to negotiate a path nearer the sea-cliffs, because erosion of up to three feet a year meant regular moving of the farmer’s fence. Natural England has offered limited help in such cases, but the access bill is based on the argument that fences would have to retreat anyway, walkers or not.

The Country Land and Business Association (CLA), which represents 36,000 members, criticised the report for including  permissive access, which can be withdrawn by landowners, in the red zones. The group’s president Henry Aubrey-Fletcher said: “It would have been better if the government did more to  improve the quality of existing access, such as with the provision of car parks  and toilets, rather than try to secure access to the entire English  coastline.”

He added that the CLA was pleased that the bill gave landowners a legal right to appeal against new or altered coastal routes.”

The new path will not be hemmed in by health and safety precautions along wild clifftops, dunes and seashore. Johnson said: “Landowners with the path crossing their land will actually face less liability when the bill becomes law. It will be almost impossible to sue after accidents, which unfortunately are bound to happen from time to time.”

Regional figures:

North West 421 miles 44% access
North East 183 miles 67%
Yorkshire and Humber 174 miles 70%
East Midlands 98 miles 61%
East of England 534 miles 68%
South East 569 miles 63%
South West 768 miles 76%

A long and literary history of the struggle for coastal access

It was the finest moment in England’s long struggle for coastal access: when Elfrida Swancourt knotted her underclothes into a rope and hoisted her lover back on to what Natural England calls the “satisfactory, legally secure path”.

Thomas Hardy caught it all: the sense of wild, wide open space, exultant freedom above the crashing sea, the buzz of freedom and, of course, the pouring rain. Add the glitch which sends Henry Knight sliding to near-doom in A Pair of Blue Eyes and you have the complete experience; for obstacles have always been a given in coastal walking.

These days private notices, red flags on gunnery ranges, even the scary yellow-and-black propellor thing warning of a Nuclear Zone are what impedes many a coastal ramble. No one in England lives more than 70 miles from the sea, but when we go there, we are lucky to walk much more than a mile along the coast before we are blocked.

For many, this is a stimulus to exploration and ingenuity and if you have checked the tide tables, the beach is best; the foreshore with its pebbles and shells and coils of grainy sand-eel spoil is ours to tramp for keeps.

That still leaves naval bases, ports, chemical works and plunging cliffs like Elfrida’s with no beach below them, but orienteering can be even more stimulating there. Paul Theroux’s circuit of the coast described in Kingdom by the Sea showed how an alley in Cardiff or a street of bungalows in Peacehaven are part of the coast-walking experience, and a fascinating one.

Grumbly landowners are the only inexcusable blockage, and the one which the new bill will hopefully remove.

Martin Wainwright is author of Coast to Coast Walk.

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Fish stocks recover as conservation measures take effect, analysis shows

July 30, 2009

Regions in Iceland, California and north-east US show signs of recovery but North Sea and Ireland still overfished

Global efforts to combat overfishing are starting to turn the tide to allow some fish stocks to recover, new analysis shows. Research from an international team of scientists shows that a handful of major fisheries across the world have managed to reduce the rate at which fish are exploited.

The experts say their study offers hope that overfishing can be brought under control, but they warn that fishermen in Ireland and the North Sea are still catching too many fish to allow stocks to recover. Some 63% of assessed fish stocks worldwide still require rebuilding, the scientists report.

“Across all regions we are still seeing a troubling trend of increasing stock collapse,” said Dr Boris Worm, an ecologist at Dalhousie University in Canada. “But this paper shows that our oceans are not a lost cause. The encouraging result is that exploitation rate, the ultimate driver of depletion and collapse, is decreasing in half the 10 systems we examined. This means that management in those areas is setting the stage for ecological and economic recovery. It’s only a start, but it gives me hope that we have the ability to bring overfishing under control.”

Fisheries winning the battle against overfishing include regions in the US, Iceland and Australia. But fishermen in Ireland and the North Sea are still catching too many fish to allow stocks to recover, the research says.

Pamela Mace of the New Zealand ministry of fisheries, who helped to write the new study, said: “Fisheries managers currently presiding over depleted fish stocks need to become fast followers of the successes revealed in this paper. We need to move much more rapidly towards rebuilding individual fish populations, and restoring the ecosystems of which they are a part, if there is to be any hope for the long-term viability of fisheries and fishing communities.”

The new analysis used catch data as well as stock assessments, scientific trawl surveys, small-scale fishery data and modelling results. It highlighted catch quotas, localised fishing closures and bans on selected fishing gear to allow smaller fish to escape as measures that help fish stocks to recover. Agencies in Alaska and New Zealand have led the world in the fight against overfishing by acting before the situation became critical, says the study, which is published in the journal Science. Fish abundance is increasing in previously overfished areas around Iceland, the north-east US shelf, the Newfoundland-Labrador shelf and California. This has benefitted species such as American plaice, pollock, haddock and Atlantic cod.

“Some of the most spectacular rebuilding efforts have involved bold experimentation with closed areas, gear and effort restrictions and new approaches to catch allocations and enforcement,” the scientists say. But they caution that the study covers less than a quarter of world fisheries, and lightly to moderately fished and rebuilding ecosystems comprise less than half of those.

The isolated success stories, they say, “may best be interpreted as large scale restoration experiments that demonstrate opportunities for successfully rebuilding marine resources elsewhere.” Many nations in Africa have sold the right to fish in their waters to wealthy developed countries that have exhausted their own stocks, the experts said. The move could undermine local efforts to tackle overfishing made by small scale fisheries such as those in Kenya, which are highlighted in the new study.

The North Sea, the Baltic and Celtic-Biscay shelf fisheries are all still declining. Here, Atlantic cod and herring as still declining, while globally populations of large predators such as sharks and rays are in rapid decline.

The new survey marks a public truce in a war of words between Worm, a conservationist, and fellow author Ray Hilborn, a fisheries expert at the University of Washington in Seattle. The spat followed a 2006 study by Worm that made some dire predictions about the state of the world’s fisheries, including the claim that most stocks could collapse by 2048 if present trends continued. Hilborn criticised the research as “sloppy” and said the 2048 claim had “zero credibility” because it used simple records of fish catches to say whether stocks had collapsed.

“I very much hope I will be alive in 2048 and I have given some thought to whether I will have a seafood party or not,” Worm joked at a press conference this week.

Dr Ana Parma, an author of the paper with the Centro Nacional Patagonico in Argentina, said: “This is the first exhaustive attempt to assemble the best available data on the status of marine fisheries and trends in exploitation rates, a major breakthrough that has allowed scientists from different backgrounds to reach a consensus about the status of fisheries and actions needed.”

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Compass bans 69 endangered fish species from its restaurants

July 30, 2009

The world’s largest contract caterer has added Atlantic cod to its banned list alongside bluefin tuna and swordfish

Sixty-nine species of fish have been banned from menus at thousands of restaurants across the UK and Ireland in a move hailed by campaigners fighting to protect threatened stocks.

The Compass Group, the world’s largest contract caterer, has decided to follow the advice of the Marine Conservation Society (MCS) on fish for consumers to avoid because of environmental concerns. These will not be used again in its canteens and restaurants, in its “grab-and-go” offerings or at hospitality events unless the society changes its advice.

The move covers 6,500 outlets from Chelsea football club to schools in Lewisham, London, Procter and Gamble sites, Oxford Brookes University and Bristol Zoo. The species are those the MCS considers most vulnerable to overfishing or fished using methods that are damaging to the environment or to non-target species. They include four varieties of skate, five tunas and two types of plaice.

Compass had already decided never to use bluefin tuna and swordfish among 13 vulnerable species, but its decision to bar all 69 on the MSC blacklist is a significant move. It comes as the government’s Food Standards Agency considers whether it should offer the first official advice to consumers on eating ethically as well as healthily, by encouraging them not to buy or eat endangered fish. If it goes ahead with the move, it will also probably point consumers towards organisations such as the MCS and the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) which already advise on sustainability of stocks.

The move will mean that Atlantic cod from all but a few fisheries will be off the menu while Pacific cod certified by the MSC will stay on it. Alaskan pollock, Pacific salmon, also from Alaska, and Dover sole from the Hastings fishery are options that remain.

Neil Pitcairn, fish and seafood buyer for Compass, said: “There are many wonderful and delicious fish that can be caught without risk of over-fishing.”

Simon Brockington, head of conservation at the Marine Conservation Society, said Compass was leading the catering sector in addressing fisheries’ sustainability and helping to reduce demand for over-exploited fish. “This is a crucial step in ensuring the long-term survival of vulnerable fisheries.”

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